Rail Defect: Identification, Impact, and Restoration

When a high-speed train experiences bogie lateral vibration alarms or abnormal car body shaking, it often points to an imbalance in the wheel-rail matching relationship.

Rail indentation is a common surface defect on high-speed railways, caused by foreign objects (such as screws or metal debris) being pressed into the rail head.

Rail squat is a high-risk surface defect in railway systems, fundamentally caused by irreversible microstructural transformation of the rail surface metal due to severe wheel-rail sliding.

Rail head rollover is a common defect where rail head metal plastically flows and extrudes outward under immense wheel loads, frequently occurring on small-radius curves and switch points.

Rail side wear is a critical defect impacting railway operational safety and costs.

Rail corrugation is a common and complex defect in railway operations, characterized by periodic wave-like irregularities on the rail surface.

Rolling Contact Fatigue is a critical defect impacting the safety and service life of railway infrastructure.